The torrents of the Yangzi wash away heroes of yore,
Right or wrong, success or failure, all are no more.
Green hills and wide rivers remain the same,
How many times has the setting sun spread its flame!
Fishermen with white hair work along rivers and on isles,
Rowing their little boats leisurely for miles.
They carry bott包養站長les with liquor and drink at ease,
包養意思Chatting about the past and smiling in the breeze.
翻譯中國的詞,首先面臨的問題就是如何翻譯詞牌,如《臨江仙》、《菩薩蠻》和《沁園春》。詞牌是詞的格式的名稱,是按照最初流行的詞曲確定的名稱和格式規范。后人按照某一詞牌填寫的詞,吟唱曲調和格式是一致的,但內容已經與詞牌毫不相干了。包養app像這首《臨江仙》,原是唐代教坊曲子,原詞的內容早已失傳。如果音譯成Linjiangxian,對于英語讀者沒有任何意義;如果按照字面意思翻譯成“Goddess by the River”或者“Goddess at the Riverside”,讀者找不到“臨江仙”與詞中內容的任何聯系,會更加困惑。
1976年,外文出版包養社出版了《毛澤東詩詞》英譯本,其中將詞牌如“菩薩蠻”作為副標題處理,譯為“— to the tune of Pu Sa Man”,雖然外國讀者還是未必明白,但他們至少知道了這是按照一首叫“Pu Sa Man”歌曲的曲調和格式寫成的詞。這種翻譯方法很值得包養網dcard借鑒。
豐先生采用了雙韻體來翻譯這首《臨江仙》,一共八句,每兩句一韻,yore和more,same和flam包養網dcarde,isles和miles,ease和breeze,非常齊整,讀起來也是朗朗上口。yore(往昔)是個很古老的詞,經常出現在詩中,如莎士比亞的十四行詩:“And him as for a map doth Nature store, to show false Art what beauty was of yore(造物主將他作為典范珍藏,讓虛假的藝術知道古代美的真相)。”~ of yore這個表達方式現在還在使用,偶爾在書名或標題中可以看到,如“Days of Yore: Roma包養俱樂部n Empire”,取其古雅之意而已。
譯詩的下半闋,為了保持雙韻體的形式,豐先生加入了自己的理解和想象,變成了真正的“再創作”。如“白發漁樵江渚上,慣看秋月春風”,Fishermen with white hair work along rivers and on isles, Rowing their包養妹 little boats leisurely for miles(在江包養中和小島上勞作的白發的漁夫,悠閑地劃著小船),“慣看秋月春風”,到了英文里就變成“悠閑地劃著小船”了,這個跨度稍微有點兒大。最后三句更是掰開了重寫,原文“一壺濁酒喜相逢”,既然喜相逢,就不是一個人,至少要兩個以上,那么英文主語就必然是They。從英語語法邏輯上說,They不可能carry一壺,而是要carry好幾壺,這樣一來,英文就成了They carry bottles with liquor and drink at ease,漁夫們(砍柴的樵夫被省略了)各執酒壺,開懷暢飲。西方人對于物品的所有權分得很清楚,這一點,從語法上都能體現出來,而中國人則樂于分享,哪怕只有一壺酒,也能喜相逢,一人一口輪著喝,照樣盡興。當然,考慮到冠狀病毒流行的因素,還是自己喝自己的那壺更安全些。
我們再來看看另外一個版本的翻譯:
On and on the Great River rolls, racing east.
Of proud and gallant heroes its white-tops leave no trace,
As right and wrong, pride and fall turn all at once unreal.
Yet ever the green hills stay
To blaze in the west-waning day.
Fishers and woodmen comb the river isles.
White-crowned, they’ve seen enough of spring and autumn tide
“滾滾長江東逝水”,包養網車馬費譯為“On a包養nd on the Great River rolls,包養管道 racing east”。“On and on”,非包養常生動地譯出了“滾滾”二字,而且“(the Great) River rolls, racing east”,連著三包養網個頭韻(R),讀起來極富節奏感。接下來的三句:是非成敗轉頭空。青山依舊在,幾度夕陽紅。As right and wrong, pri包養de and fall turn all at once unreal. Yet ever the green hills stay to blaze in the west-waning 包養網day,“at once”與“yet”準確地表達出了包養“轉頭”與“依舊”對照的邏輯關系。“blaze”在包養甜心網這里不是燃燒的意思,而是青山在落日余暉的映照下閃耀光芒的意思,呼應了原文中“夕陽紅”的“紅”字。
Fishers and woodmen comb the 包養感情river isles. White-crowned, they’ve seen enough of spring and autu包養網pptmn tide。去掉了“月”和“風”,用了一個tide(潮汐),表現出歲月的潮起潮落和歷史的滄桑巨變,可謂匠心獨運。